Risks with RAL or Rapid Tax Refund Loans

The concept of a Refund Anticipation Loan (RAL) revolves around allowing taxpayers to borrow money based on their projected income tax refund. While banks are the primary lenders for these loans, tax preparers and occasionally CPAs extend this financial service to their clients during tax return preparation.

Often referred to as an immediate or rapid tax refund, these loans may give the impression that they originate from the State or the Internal Revenue Service. Nonetheless, they are actually short-term loans that come with steep expenses. In many cases, the tax preparer and the lending institution receive commissions based on the calculated tax refund. As a result, the refund anticipation loan (RAL) is typically lower than the actual amount of the tax return refund.

In compliance with the regulations set forth by the CBA, Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) who provide Refund Anticipation Loans (RALs) are obligated to provide consumers with written disclosures. These disclosures must include the exact monetary compensation the CPA will receive for facilitating the loan. It is mandatory for these disclosures to be made prior to or during the referral process to the lender, as well as any other activities undertaken by the CPA to aid in the loan process.

When seeking assistance from a CPA for tax preparation and contemplating an RAL, it is advisable to collaborate closely with a tax professional. Please consult with a PriorTax dedicated Tax Professional about the process of filing for an RAL for free and the estimated time it takes for the State and the IRS to process and issue your complete income tax refund.

refund anticipation loan RAL

RAL is Paying to Borrow Money.

Non-bank lenders offer Refund Anticipation Loan (RALs), which are brief loans lasting between 7 to 14 days. These loans are backed by the borrower’s estimated tax refund. After deducting applicable fees, individuals who opt for RALs receive immediate cash equal to their expected tax refund.

Instead of taking an identical approach, individuals willingly accept a deal where they commit to paying an interest rate that, if calculated as an annual percentage rate (APR), could reach three digits. Typically, a financial institution establishes an exclusive account designated for the purpose of receiving the taxpayer’s refund from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Upon receipt of the refund, it is utilized for repaying the borrowed funds.

Hidden Risks by Getting Refund Anticipation Loan (RAL).

RALs, similar to other forms of loans, carry inherent risks that should be carefully considered. These risks include the possibility of facing a greater financial burden if your refund request is rejected, delayed, or falls short of your expectations. While RALs may seem manageable in the immediate future, their long-term implications can be financially crippling if unforeseen circumstances arise with your refund. Over time, this can result in accumulating significant debt that has a detrimental impact on your credit rating.

RAL (Refund Anticipation Loans) Wont Be Cheap

When acquiring an RAL, it is essential to be aware of its various associated fees. These fees typically encompass a loan application fee that can reach up to $100, a tax-preparation fee averaging around $40, a check-processing fee of approximately $20, a “peace of mind” guarantee provided by your tax preparer ensuring the refund specified on your tax form (often amounting to $100 or higher)

The fees associated with RALs can quickly add up, putting a dent in your wallet. When considering RALs, it is important to note that they often come with exorbitant interest rates. These rates usually begin at 36 percent or higher.

Refund Anticipation Loan (RAL) applications are available from various venues.

When consumers look for “instant refunds,” they often turn to businesses specializing in tax preparation and filing. However, it’s important to note that RALs, or refund anticipation loans, can also be found in various other establishments such as car dealerships, boat showrooms, and furniture and electronics stores.

Variations in RAL Filing

Instead of relying on costly RALs, it is wise to explore more affordable options available. You can save considerably by exercising patience and opting for the IRS to send your tax refund without any charges. When you e-file your tax return and choose direct deposit for your refund, you can experience a speedy IRS refund cycle that can be as short as 8 days.


By taking a short pause of just a few days or weeks, you have the opportunity to pocket hundreds of dollars in savings. If you still need to take advantage of it, think about initiating the process of setting up a checking or savings account. This will allow you to receive your advanced tax refund effortlessly through direct deposit.

RAL: Refund Anticipation Loan

For quite some time, commercial tax preparers have been providing what is known as a refund anticipation loan (RAL) to taxpayers for the purpose of providing them with their refund check quickly–usually within one or two days. The RAL requires consumers to make up-front payments in the form of interest. Many of these people also received the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC).

In 2010, the Internal Revenue Service voiced its decision to discontinue the “debt indicator” service; this had been a tool utilized by tax preparers to determine whether or not a taxpayer’s refund would be used towards paying any outstanding debts such as back taxes, child support and/or student loan fees.

Subsequently, several banking institutions stopped offering RALs, and in response to this trend, federal banking regulators mandated the termination of their issuance. These so-called “unsafe or unsound” loans could not be repaid from tax refunds utilized to cover other financial obligations.

The National Consumer Law Center and the Consumer Federation of America found that every year, up to $1 billion was taken from the tax refunds of over 10 million individuals in fees associated with RAL loans. In 2013, 100,000 Americans applied for a Refund Anticipation Loan (RAL), yet by 2014, this number had plummeted by over half.

RapidTax free dedicated Tax Professionals will walk you though the RAL filing process from start to finish to maximize your chances of getting your RAL issued as soon as possible.

Refund Anticipation Loan

Substitute RALs

No longer offered by banks, Refund Anticipation Loans (RALs) remain an option for certain lower-income taxpayers at tax time. Although financial institutions originally provided these loans, some tax preparers have turned to alternative lenders, such as payday lenders in order to furnish them instead. Although various tax return options can be marketed as alternatives to Refund Anticipation Loans (RALs), these products often incur higher fees than RALs. An increasingly appealing option, however, is filing for an early refund with paystub information instead of waiting on W-2 documents.

Following the introduction of refund delays in 2017, another type of RAL became more prevalent. Known as “no-fee” RALs, they are typically provided by paid preparers – although the various fees associated with them aren’t usually made known at first.

Compared to other credit options, Refund Anticipation Loan (RALs) offer a less risky option for tax filers since they are not mandated to repay the loan if their actual refund does not match the amount predicted by their preparer. Last year, research conducted by the National Consumer Law Center revealed that over 1.6 million no fee RAL were distributed.

Refund Anticipation Checks

As an alternative to refund anticipation loans (RALs), a growing number of tax preparers are turning to refund anticipation checks (RACs). Although these present less risk to the preparer, they can be costly for the taxpayer, with higher fees associated. With RACs, the IRS is able to directly transfer a tax filer’s refund into a temporary bank account opened by the tax preparer.

Prior to the taxpayer obtaining their refund, fees for tax preparation as well as RACs are deducted. Generally, federal refunds charge between $25-$60 in RAC charges, and state refunds cost $10 (with possible extra check-cashing fees).

In 2015, nearly 20 million taxpayers – most of whom claimed the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) – received a Refund Anticipation Check at an expenditure of about $475 million. This was higher than 2011’s figure of 18.4 million and 2009’s 12.9 million taxpayers. Alarmingly, the rate of RAC usage is not reduced, even though free tax programs can grant refunds within the same timeframe via direct deposit.

State Regulations for Refund Anticipation Loans

In comparison with federal regulations, certain states have enforced more substantial standards for refund anticipation loans (RALs). For example, many states have barred tax preparers from charging additional fees only to those individuals taking out RALs or RACs and specified the kinds of companies allowed to offer these advances. Moreover, when states imposed limits on the high APR that usually surpasses 100 percent for RALs, lawsuits were brought up against them.

In 2008, the Attorneys General of California and New Jersey took legal action against tax preparers for their deceptive advertising practices concerning Refund Anticipation Loans. According to the National Consumer Law Center, this was not an isolated incident; states across the nation have implemented regulations surrounding RALs and are enforcing them through similar court proceedings.

In 2010, the New York State Division of Human Rights brought suit against certain tax preparers for discriminatory targeting. As a result, Maryland, Colorado, and Louisiana all implemented RAL legislation that same year. Maryland’s law prohibited most additional fees associated with RALs, while both Colorado and Louisiana increased disclosure standards related to the applications.

20 States Currently Regulating RALs:

  • Arkansas
  • California
  • Colorado
  • Connecticut
  • Illinois
  • Louisiana
  • Maine
  • Maryland
  • Michigan
  • Minnesota
  • Nevada
  • New Jersey
  • New York
  • North Carolina
  • Oregon
  • Tennessee
  • Texas
  • Virginia
  • Washington State
  • Wisconsin